Airship.



C. A. LONG.

AIRSHIP.

APPLICATION FILED DBO 2 1910.

Patented Jan. 16, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

C/ZdlgLOg/ INVENTOR ATTO R N EY Ill C. A. LONG.

AIRSHIP.

APPLIGATION FILED DEG. 21, 1910.

Patented Jam. 16, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEBT 2.

lNvENTo' j ATTORN EY C. A. LNG.

AIRSHIP.

APPLICATION FILED DEG.21, 1910. 1,014,763, y Patented- Jan. 16, 1912.

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l Ni4 i i t@ n; E: il: :zo: m @il i n Q i@ m) m l Q 1N Il: E 4 m5,'y.{Qywv N l w r n @L w l. N .I l%\ INVENTOR W|TNEssEs l. s BY WQL/ mm |'oY l ATTORNEY C. A. LONG.

AIRSHIP.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 21. 1910.

Patented Jan. 16, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4,

ATTORNEY CHARLES ALBERT LONG, OF SPOKANE, WASHINGTON.

AIRSHIP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J an." 16, 1912.

Application filed December 21, 1910. Serial No. 598,646.

To allwlwmI t may concern Be 1t known that l. CHAnLEs A. LONG, a

citizenv of the United States, residing at Y -ments in air-ships, andits object is to provide means whereby a heavier-than-air type lofairship may be made to move in a .substantially vertical direction toany desired height and to remain there poised as long as the operatormay desire, while progressive' movement may be imparted to the vesselwhen such progressive movement is desirable. F urtlaermore, the deviceis capable of suiicient sustaining powers to` permit the carrying 'ofnumerous passengers or an equivalent weight in freight or othermaterial.

In accordance with the present invention a compression of the air-,isproduced by suitable fans, which latter may be taken as generallytypical of any means for compressing the air, and the air compressed byYthese fans is so directed that the reaction or natural expansion oftheair so compressed will overcome the weight of the vessel and cause it torise in the air and by a proper adjustment of the speed of the fansdependent upon their capacity and motive power the ship may be caused toremain poised in the ai.

By the employment of planes, which in part are adjusted todifferentangles each about a substantially horizontal axis, consideringthe vessel asv poised oneven keel in the air, and by the employment lofapropelling fan or fans, progressive movement may be imparted to thevessel up to any speed within the capacity of the power plant of thevessel.

The invention will be best understood from' a consideration of thefollowing detailed description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings forming a part of this specification, with the understanding,

however, that the showing of the drawings is largely illustrativewithout attempt to show exact proportions, and, therefore, theinvent-ion is not confined to the particular form and arrangement' ofparts illustrated,

but may be embodied in other forms than shown.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation of an air-ship constructedin accordance With the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view, someparts being broken away. Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2.Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a section onthe line 5 5 of Fig. 3, with some parts omitted, and showing a differentarrangement of driving devices than in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a section onVthe line 6 6 of Fig. 3, with some part-s omit-ted. Fig. 7 is a partlyschematic view illustrating a slightly modified construction of theplanes and their relation to the elevating or compressing fans, and,also,'showing the propelling fan or fans.

Referring to the drawings, there is shown a frame comprisinglongitudinally disposed members l and cross members 2, and while in thedrawing but two cross members are shown, it will be understoodthat asmany such members are -employed in the full size structure as may benecessary, the framework 1being modified in accordance with the size ofthe structure, and consequently can be typified only in the drawings.

The longitudinal bars 1 asshown in the drawings are so located that twoof these bars are adjacent the body of the vessel and all are exteriorthereto, and are in substantially the same plane, the inner bars beingspaced one from the other and .from the outer bars, and preferably moredistant from the outer bars than from each other.` The inner bars 1carry a rectangular body 3 divided by a ooring 4 into an up er chamber 5and a lower chamber 6, and above the Hooring there may be provided seats7 for passengers, and adjacent these seats windows 8 for light andventilation. 'Ixhe chamber 5 is yprovided with front walls 9 whichapproach toward the front to form an air cleavage member for a 'purposewhich will hereinafter appear, and adjacent the front end, which in thedrawings is the end toward the ri ht in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, there isprovieda-cab 10, and, moreover, the chamber 5 has roof or cover members11 risin and approaching toward the central longltudinal vertical planeof the body '3 and meeting at a central ridge. The chamber 6 is extendedforwardly beyond the cab as indicated at 6a and has approaching frontwalls 9. y

Fast to the longitudinal members 1 on each side of the body 3 arelongitudinal partitions 12l extendingabove the level of the floor 4 sothat, as shown, the side walls ofthe body 3 to the height of thepartitions 12 are double, though, of course, this articular constructionis not mandatory. he partitions 12 are joined to other longitudinalmembers or beams 13 above the longitudinal members 1 on each side of thebody 3, the members 13 serving to stiien and strengthen the structure.lThe partitions 12 extend tol about the bottom of the main portion' ofthe `body member 3. Secured to the louter longitudinal members 1 arewalls 14 similar to the partitionsy 12, being of approximately the sameheight but extending to a greater distance downward, the expression ofdirection being with relation to the vessel either as resting on groundlevel or as poised on an even keel in the air.

The partitions 12 and walls 14 on each side of the central body 3 arejoined at intervals by other partitions 15 each consti tutingY a planeat an angle to both the horizontal and vertical, the angle in theparticular showing of the drawings being somewhat Lless than forty-fivedegrees with relation to the horizontal.A Each partition 15 terminatesat its lower end in a curved portion 16 to which reference willhereinafter be made. The arrangementV of the partitions 15 is such thatthere are provided between them inclined'channels open at about the topof the partitions.12 and Walls 14 and expanding toward the Iwerend'because of the curved walls or partitions 16.

The rearmost partition or plane, indicated at 15,- may be straightthroughout its length instead of terminating'in a curved portlon 16, and.this partition 15a extends above the line of the artitions 12 and walls14 to a height near y that of the roof 11 of the chamber 5 intheparticular structure shown in the drawings. There is a frontpartition or plane 15" which may be nearer horizontal than thepartitions 15. The intermediate partitions 15, as well as vthe rearpartition 15", have secured to the under wall and extending between thepartitions 12 and walls 14 a curved throat member 17 of approximatelytriangular cross section, but with its walls curved where approaching afree edge 18 directed toward the wall in front ofit. The purpose of thethroat member is to form a contracted throat or passage 19 betweenadjoining lpartitions or planes 15 and between the rearmost partition orplane 153 and the partition or plane 15 immediately in front oflitso asto permit the fans to take advantage of a compressed body of air. Ex-vnal.

tending through the partitions 12 and walls 14 and through the chamber 6is a series of shafts 20, one for each space between the partitions 12,while a similar shaft 20a extends through the like members in the space.defined by the rearmost partition 15 and the curved portion 16immediately in front of it.' The shafts 20 are each provided withjournal bearings 21 on the several longitudibeams or members 1 insubstantially concentric relation to the lower curved face of therespective throat members 17, and

in the spaces between the partitions 12 and walls 14 each shaft carriesa fan 22 having its blades suitably shaped to coact with the throatmember 17, so that on rotating the fans the air is strongly drawn intothe upper ends of the spaces between the slanting planes and these aircurrents are then vstrongly compressed and discharged through theopenings between the lower ends of the partition 16, the direction ofdischarge being downward and rearward.

Fast at the ends of the partitions 12 and walls 14 adjacent the upperends of the partitions 15 are pivot rods 23, to each of which ispivotally attached the corresponding end or" a movable plane 24, theother end 'of which when the plane 24 is in line with the partition 15being in substantially the same plane as the upper end of the rearpartition or plane 15, the planes'24 forming continuations of thepartitions .or planes 1 15. In the'operation of the vessel, it isdesirable that'the planes 24 should be simultaneously adjustable abouttheir pivot rods 23and for this purpose all the movable planes 24 on thesame side of the machine are connected together at the opposite' edgesby links 25. For the adjustment of the planes 24 there is provided ateach' edge of the front plane of each series a strand 26 connected atthe vends to eyes 27 on the respective plane and carried arounddirection-changing pulleys 28, and, also, about a driving drum 29 on ashaft 30 carried into and through the cab where it is provided withanother drum 31 connected by a strand 32- to a manipulating member 33within ready reach of the operator, so that the several planes 24 may bemoved simultaneously to the desired position.

In Fig. 7 the pivot rods 23 are shown as progressively higher towardtherear of the line with t e compartment 5 is provided withdoors 34,wh'ereby access to Ithe corn- A to the other, the median position ofthe` `partments 5l and 6 may be had, and other doors 34 in the walls'9also 'give access to the compartments. Mounted on the rear partition 15ais a rudder 35 for directing the ship, 4and supported uponv rollers 36riding on the rear partition 15a. The rudder tapers toward the front endwhere it is mounted u on' a pivot pin or stud 37, so that the ru der maybe swung from one side rudder being in the central longitudinal verticalplane of the vessel. In order that the rudder may be manipulated fromthe cab 10 it has fast to it on opposite faces eyes 38 to which areattached 'the corresponding ends of strands 39 passing overdirection-diverting rollers 40 and 41 on and Iin the body 3 andultimately entering the cab 10, where these strands may pass around adrum 42 under the control of a manipulating member 43controllable by theoperator.

Each shaft 20 may carry one or more pulleys 44 within the compartment 6and one of the shafts may be driven by a motor 45 indicatively shown inFig. 4. The pulleys 44 of the severalshafts 20 may be connected by belts46, so that these shafts may all be rotated in the same direction at thesame time by power furnished by the motor 45, which latter may be anexplosion or any other suitable engine of appropriate power. Instead ofdriving all the shafts simultaneously with a single engine, each shaft.may be provided with a motor 47 individual thereto as indicated in'Fig.5. Of-

action of the fans or propellers 22 to cause a lifting of the vessel isdue not only to the shape of the fans or propellers, 4but to thechannels in which they are located. Those channels in which the fans orpropellers 22 are located have their lower ends directed more nearlydownward than the main bodies of the channels, while the channel in`which the propeller 48 is lodged is not provided with adownwardly.curvedwportion, but as before stated, may be straightthroughout its length.

4 It iscustomary to mount air-ships upon wheelsfor supporting theair-ship while on the ground and for this pur'pose the outer beamsl haveyokes 49 attached thereto and between these yokes and the beams 1 thereare mounted Wheels 50, these wheels being disposed at opposite sides ofthe front and rear of the framework, so as to sustain the vessell abovevthe. ground when "the wheels are resting on the ground, and, also,permitting movement of the vessel along the ground.

The chamber `5.is designed primarily for the accommodation ofpassengers, but is not necessarily limited to such use, while thechamber 6 is designed'for the accommodation of nfreight and the drivingmachinery and such supplies as may be necessary. `The compartment 6 maybe of the air-tight chamber type, s o as to uphold the vessel on waterxand the freight, driving machinery and supplies bring the center of'gravity of the vessel low, thus facilitating the balancing of thevessel when poised or traveling in the air or upon water. y

Let itbe assumed that it is desirable to operate the machine, then theoperator sets purpose and the planes 24 have'beenA adjusted to thedesired angle, then air streams are drawn kthrough the spaces betweenthe planes24 and their corresponding lpartitions 15 and striking thecurved extensions 16 of the partitions 15 these air streams aredirected-downwardly near the perpendicular to a horizontal plane or tothe ground, and the reaction of these streams of compressed air issufiicient to lift the vessel and forcel it upwardly into the air, thefans being such as to cause the displacement and compression of largevolumes of air which may be brought about by impart-ing to the. fanshigh speedwith great power, the fans having comparatively great lateralextent. The incoming airv streams are diverted by the slanting roofmembers 11 of the chamber 5 toward the planes onopposite sides thereof,and these air streams pass into the space between the planes and arefinally caught by the fans, greatly compressed and powerfully ejectedthrough the spaces between the curved partitions 16. The rareiication ofthe air at the upper endsof the passages defined by the planes 24 andthe natural expansion from powerful condensation of the air below the"essel contribute to overcome the weight of the vessel 4and cause itsriseinto the air. Whether the rise of the vessel shall be practicallyvertical, or whether v it shall alsomove Aprogressively 4will dependupon the inclination of the planes 24 which. may be vmoved vto an.approximately vertical position, or maybe moved to or below a horizontalposit-ion.

If it be assumed that it be desirable to impart to the vessel aprogressive movement, then the fan or propeller 48 is set into motionand the reaction of'this fan being more nearly horizontal will cause aforward movement of the vessel, and then the reaction of the air streamsagainst the under faces of the planes 24 will cause the sustaining 'of,the vessel during its forward movementl in addition to the liftingeffect of the vanes 22. As the vessel 'progresses the front walls of thebody 3 cause the air to move toward` the front plane 15, and this planealso contributes toward sustaining the vessel in the air' while movingforward vby compressing (to the extent of its perpendicular depth) the'air passing under it. The rear plane or planes 15a and the `front planes15b likewise contribute to the sustaining of the vessel when movingforward.

' The air-shi When it is desired that the vessel move forward withspeed, -then they free ends of the planes 24 are dropped to therequisite extent, but when it is desirable that the vessel remainsubstantially poised in the air the planes 24 may be raised Atoward thevertical position, so that the sustaining action of the' fans 22 isutilized and the vessel will then have no progressive movement vdue tothevaction of the fans or propellers. If it. be desirable to maintainthel vessel poised in the 'air in moving air currents then the lanes 24and the rudder are'properly latl- -justed'andthe fan 28 is caused torotate at a suitable-speed toovercome the drifting effect ofthe aircurrents, so that the vessel mayy remain' poised over some fixed spot.may, therefore, be, caused to rise in a su stantiall'y vertical line, ormay so rise and then bemoved forwardly in a substantially horizontalline, o r any resultant of these two movements maybebrought about bya-suitable .adjustmentof the rudder and theplans 24v and a suitableadjustr ment ofthe speed of the fans or Propellers'.

While the propelling fan is shown as mounted kon a shaft transverse tothe length of the vessel and at the rear thereof, it will be understoodthat the propelling -fan may follow the prevailing practice as tolocation, structure and Aaxis of rotation with relation tothe vessel,and, furthermore, that the use' of a single yfan` or propeller isnot-mandatory since in large vessels as many propellers are used as' maybe' necessary for causing the vessel to move with the desired speed.Furthermore, the number and size as well as the shape and speed of thelifting fans cannot be definitely given, since thesedetails vary withvessels of different sizes,l but in order that the lifting fans shallactv u on the air tocompress and discharge it e ectively the blades mustbe properly curved in the direction of rotation.

What I claim is i 1.` An air ship having a body member' withlongitudinal series of planes on opposite sides thereof defining likeseries of air channels, said air channels having intake openingsadjacent the top of the ship and above alll obstructions to the flow ofair into them and having their discharge openings adjacent the bottom ofthe ship, each air channel having` an air propelling and compressingmeans therein.

2,. An air shi having air directing forwardly incline planes definingchannels each provided with means individual thereto for indrawing theair at the upper end of the channel and forcibly expelling it at thelower 4end of said channel, each channel having a forward inclinationwith the'upper end open and al lower end or extension expanded in thedirection of the length of the vessel and directed downwardlysubstantially perpendicular to a transverse longitudinal plane of thevessel. l

3. An air-ship having inclined air directing channels intaking at theupper ends and each with means for the forcible production of an aircurrent therethrough, each channel being provided with a wall havin aplane constituting a continuation thereo at the upper end, said planebeing adjustable 5 about an axis,transverse to the length of thechannel.

each channel being provided with means individual thereto for theforceful production of a current of air therethrough and having means atthe intake end for determining therelation of said end to the remainderof the channel.

5 .In an air-ship, air directing channels each having a forwardinclination with the intake at the upper end, means within each 'channelfor thefo'rcible drawing of a current of air therethrough, and anadjustable plane at the intake end of each channel for determining theinclination of the intake end with relation to the remainder of thechannel.

6. In an-air-ship, a series of air directing lchannels inclinedforwardly, each channel .having a wall carrying a xed throat member, anair impelling means in each channel adjacent the throat member, and anadjustable member forming a' continuation of the channel at the intakeend, said adjustable member being in the form of a plane adjustableabout an axis transverse to the lengthl of the channel.

7. In an air ship, a series of air channels arranged one back of theother in the direction of the length of the ship and each rovided withmeans for the forcible pro uctionof a current of air therethrough, saidchannels being inclined forwardly with reference to the length of theshi and an adjustable plane for each channe at the intake end thereofand constituting a continuation of one wall of the channel, said planebeing 4. In an air ship, a longitudinal series of -planes defining airchannels between them,

ladjnstableon an axis transverse to the length of the channel.

o n u n l 8. In-an air-ship, a series of air channels.

plane of each series being inclined with reference tothe length of thebody member and provided with means for the forcible production of acurrent of air under said plane from the forward end toward the rear endthereof, the said planes when acted on by the air currents constitutingthesole susy taining means for the air. ship( 10. An-air ship comprisinga central body member, flanking ries of air channels inclined withreference to the length of the body member and having their ldischargeends below t-he body member and in 'fixed relation to and substantiallyperpendicular to a longitudinal plane transverse to the body member, andmeans in each air channel for the forcible production of. a current ofair therethrough. y

11. An air ship provided with av centralized body member, a series ofplanes on each side of said body member inclined in the direction ofthelength of the ship, and an. air impelling fan inoperative relation toand under and individual to'each plane, the said planes when acted on bythe air currents constituting the sole sustaining means for the airship. 4 i

12. An air ship provided with a centralized body member, a series ofinclined air channels on each side thereof, said channels being definedby spaced, inclined transverse planes and spaced vertical partitions, anair impelling fan in each channel, and adjustable planes formingcontinuations of Athe transtransverse planes atthe intake endsof thechannels.

13. An air ship provided with a centralized body member, a series ofincline'd air channels on each side thereof,'said channels being definedby spaced inclined transverse planes and spaced vertical partitions, anair impelling fan -in each channel, and adjustable planes formingcontinuations ofthe transverse planes at the intake ends ofthe channels,said adjustable lplanes on both sides of the central bodybeingrconnected for simultaneous movement.

14. An air-shi comprising a icentral body, longitudina outer walls m saced relation tothe sides of the central b y, transverse partitions orplanes each set atan inclination to the lenUth of the body and eX-tending from the lbody to the respective longitudinal outer walls, eachtransverse partition or plane being inclined forwardly and a downwardlydirected curved continuation at the lower end, the several Walls andplanes coacting to form inclined air channels, a fan for each airchannel, a throat member in each .air channel coacting with the fan, anddriving means for the fans-located in the central body.

15. An air-ship comprising a. central body, longitudinal outer walls 1nspaced relation to the sides of the central body, transverse partitionsor planes each set at an inclination to the length of the body andextending from the body to the respective longitudinal outer walls, eachtransverse par- -tition vor plane' being inclined forwardly beyond theupper .end and curved-down-l wardly at the. lower end, the several wallscoacting to form inclined airchannels, a fan for each air channel, athroat member in` each air channel coacting with the fan, planes for theintermediate transverse walls connected to the u per ends thereof andadjustable with relation to the transverse walls each on 'an axistransverseto the length of the vessel, and driving means for the fanslocated in the central body.

16. In an air-ship, a series of inclined air` channels each providedwith means for forc ibly impelling the air through the respectlve'airchannel, the air channels progressively increasing` in Ilength' towardthe rear end of the vessel. l

17. In an air ship, a series of inclined air channels of progressivelyincreasing len h toward the rear of the vessel, air impellmg means ineach channel, and an adjustable plane forming a continuation of eachchannel, the series of planes terminating at pro.-

vgressively higher points tward the rear of the vessel. l

y 18. An air ship provided with a plurality of forwardly inclined airdirecting channels, an air'impelling means in each` channel,'andaninclined channel located at .the rear of the first named channels andprovided with a propelling fan for imparting progressive movement to thevessel.

19. vIn an air-ship, a central body having the end walls kprojecting toa centralized point of intersection coincident with the central verticallongitudinal lane of the body, a series of forwardly inclined airchannels on each side of the central body, and air impelling meansindividual to each channel.

20. An air-ship having a central carrying body provided wit-happroaching end walls meeting. inthe central longitudinal plane of thebody', aseries of forwardly inclined air channels von each side of thebody, fans in currents through the channels, each channel having thedischarge end directed downv wardly, driving means for the fans -locatedwith in the central body, and planes constituting continuations of theair channels at the intake ends thereof, said planes being adjustable onaxes transverse to the length of the vessel.

21. An air-ship having -a central body superposed compartments, Y motivemeans located in the lower compartment, inclined planes defining airchannels between Vthem and located on opposite sidesY of the bodymember, and air impelling `means in the airchannels receiving motionfrom the motive means in the lower compartment.

22. An air-ship comprising a centrally located' elongated body memberwith u per and lower chambers, the front end o the body member havingthe walls a proaching to acentral vertical edge and t e `top approachingto a central ridge, motive means in the lower chamber of the bodymember, longitudinal sidewalls in spaced relation to the sides of thebody member, inclined partitions between the sides of the body memberand Athe side walls spaced therefrom, said partitions termin/ating atthe lower ends in downwardly directed curved portions, vfans in thespaces between the" transverse par titions and connectedfor actuationWith the motive means in the lower chamber of the ,body member, andinclined planes on each side of the body member extending above the sidewalls spaced from the body member and constituting continuations of thepartitions connecting such side walls with the l body member.

simultaneous movement.

,23. A n Y air-ship comprising a centrally located elongated body memberwith u per and lower chambers, the front end o the body member havin thewalls approaching tov a central vertice edge and the top approaching toa central ridge, motive means in the lower chamber of the body member,

'longitudinal outer side walls in spaced relation to the sides ofthejbody member, in-

t d t clined partitions be Ween the s1 es of he Walls with the bodymember, Said planes body member and the` side walls spaced therefrom,said partitions terminating at the lower ends in downwardly directedcurved portions, fans in the spaces between thev transverse partitionsand connected for actuation with the motive meansin the lower chamber ofthe body member, Vand inclined planes on each sideof the body member4extending above the sidewalls spaced from the body member andconstituting continuations of the partitions connecting such side wallswith the body member, said lanes being connected to the partitions byJoints about which theplanes are adjustable, the several planes beingconnected for 24. An air-ship comprising a centrally and lower chambers,the front end ofthe body member havin the walls 'approaching toa centralvertica edge andthe top approaching to a central ridge, motive means inthe lower chamber of the body member, longitudinal outer side walls inc5 q located elongated body member with upper spaced relation tothesides of the body member, inclined partitions between theA sides of thebody member and the side walls spaced therefrom, said partitionsterminating at the lower ends in downwardly directed curved portions,fans in the spaces between the transverse partitions and connected foractuation with the motive means in the lower chamber of the body member,and inclined planes on each side of the body member extending above theside walls spaced .from the body member and constituting continuations:of the `partitions connectin such side walls with the body member, saidplanes being connected to the partitions by joints about which theplanes are adjustable, 'the several vplanes being connected forvsimultaneous movement, -and a rudder vcarried by the body member.

25. A n air-shi comprising a centrally located elongate body member withan upper and lower chamber, the front end of the body member havingproaching to a central vertical edge and the top approaching to acentral ridge, motive means in the lower chamber of the body member,longitudinal outer side walls in spaced relation to the sides of thebody member, inclined partitions between the sides of the body memberand the'side walls spaced therefrom, said partitions terminating at thelower ends in downwardly directed curved portions, fans in the spacesbetween the transverse partitions and connected for actu'- ation withthe motive means in the lower chamber of the body member, and inclinedplanes on each side of the body member extending above the side wallsspaced from the bod member and constituting continuations o thepartitions connecting such side body having Ya top inclining towardeach.

side, and-a series o nclinedaair channels on each side of and exteriorto the central body, each series bein disposed fore-and-aft withrelation to the ody of the ship and all the the walls apmember bein viodo channels and the declining portions of the top of the central bodycontributing to relieve the top of the ship from' downwardly ture in thedirected air pressure, said channels having `air propelling andcompressing means therei'n to establish air currents through thechannels :trom the top downwardly.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have heretoaiiixedmy signapresence of two witnesses. CHARLES ALBERT LONG.Witnesses:

JOHN H. SIGGERS,

- 'EDITH L. BROWN.

